{"id":2914,"date":"2021-01-13T13:09:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-13T12:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2914"},"modified":"2021-01-13T18:29:46","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T17:29:46","slug":"informacni-baze-pro-pestovani-ohrozenych-druhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2914","title":{"rendered":"Informa\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1ze pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>pracovn\u00ed verze 0.210113 pro projekt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=1945\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1945\">TA\u010cR<\/a>, (c) JN, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2470\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2470\">v\u00fdstupy z informa\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1ze<\/a> budou dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ny od roku 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Ex situ conservation of wild plants is a central and unique role of botanic gardens. (International Agenda for Botanic Gardens)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdznam botanick\u00fdch zahrad pro\u0161el dlouhodob\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem, kdy se z p\u016fvodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ke studiu l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch druh\u016f na univerzit\u00e1ch p\u0159es instituce zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kulturn\u00edch plodin, v\u00fdzkumy na poli taxonomie a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostor s popsan\u00fdmi druhy rostlin staly od druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed vedle spektra dal\u0161\u00edch zaji\u0161\u0165ovan\u00fdch \u00faloh, v\u016fd\u010d\u00edmi institucemi zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi ex situ ochrany druhov\u00e9 a genetick\u00e9 diverzity plan\u011b rostouc\u00edch rostlin (Krishnan &amp; Novy, 2016).<br>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed byla vypracov\u00e1na pravidla pro nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi druhy, ke kter\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed obecn\u011b pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed taxon\u016f \u00damluva o biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti, Nagojsk\u00fd protokol o p\u0159\u00edstupu ke genetick\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm a spravedliv\u00e9m a rovnocenn\u00e9m sd\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f plynouc\u00edch z jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00damluva o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu s ohro\u017een\u00fdmi druhy voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a plan\u011b rostouc\u00edch rostlin (CITES). Postupn\u011b byla stanovena pravidla pro nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi druhy v ex situ podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch za \u00fa\u010delem jejich ochrany. K nim pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aktivity Species Survival Commision p\u0159i IUCN, kter\u00e9 vy\u00fastily v publikov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel pro management ex situ management druh\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k jejich ochran\u011b (IUCN &amp; SSC, 2014) a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 (re-)introdukci (IUCN &amp; SSC, 2013). V roce 1987 byla zalo\u017eena s\u00ed\u0165 botanick\u00fdch zahrad Botanic Gardens Conservation International, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je podpora komunity botanick\u00fdch zahrad sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed kochran\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin. V jej\u00edm r\u00e1mci funguje syst\u00e9m jedine\u010dn\u00e9 identifikace genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN). Jejich charakteristiku najde v p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch kapitol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o ex situ ochran\u011b druhu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ex situ<\/em> ochrana pat\u0159\u00ed k&nbsp;v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsob\u016fm druhov\u00e9 ochrany a ochran\u011b genetick\u00e9 diverzity. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee nejde o n\u00e1stroj jedin\u00fd a ne v\u017edy vhodn\u00fd, a tak\u00e9 existuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti kombinace p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k&nbsp;ochran\u011b druhu (Volis, 2017). Volba <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany tak mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat po\u017eadavk\u016fm ochrany druhu\/populace (IUCN &amp; SSC, 2014). Ochrana e<em>x situ<\/em> je vhodn\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch situac\u00edch (IUCN &amp; SSC, 2014):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>studium \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ohro\u017eeny na sv\u00e9m byt\u00ed z&nbsp;d\u016fvodu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty stanovi\u0161\u0165, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm ni\u010den\u00edm, konkurenc\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f nebo nemocemi<\/li><li>pozn\u00e1n\u00ed vhodnosti managementov\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed vitalitu mal\u00fdch populac\u00ed<\/li><li>zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 ochrany populac\u00ed druh\u016f akutn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch vyhynut\u00edm<\/li><li>obnova populace v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pos\u00edlen\u00edm nebo re-introdukc\u00ed a zalo\u017een\u00ed nov\u00fdch lokalit introdukc\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>IUCN p\u0159\u00edmo stanov\u00ed principy vedouc\u00ed k&nbsp;adekv\u00e1tn\u00edmu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o vyu\u017eit\u00ed <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f a jejich genetick\u00e9 variability. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt zalo\u017eeno na 5-ti kroc\u00edch a <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrana by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zvolena pouze v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpadech, \u017ee bude existovat konsenzus zainteresovan\u00fdch skupin na p\u0159evaze pozitivn\u00edch vliv\u016f takov\u00e9to ochrany nad vlivy negativn\u00edmi a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pl\u00e1nu integrovan\u00e9 ochrany druhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky pln\u00ed tuto \u00falohu z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 programy zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch rostlin (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zachranneprogramy.cz\/\">https:\/\/www.zachranneprogramy.cz\/<\/a>). Ty zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed v\u0161echny org\u00e1ny ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed takov\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed populac\u00ed t\u011bchto druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 by vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stupn\u011b jejich ohro\u017een\u00ed. Z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 programy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v n\u00e1vrhu a uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, jak\u00fdmi jsou z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 chovy, introdukce, reintrodukce, z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 p\u0159enosy a jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 metody vhodn\u00e9 k dosa\u017een\u00ed sledovan\u00e9ho c\u00edle (z\u00e1kon 114\/1992 Sb., par. 52, odst. 1). Ukon\u010den byl z\u00e1chrann\u00fd program pro ho\u0159ec jarn\u00ed (<em>Gentiana verna<\/em> subsp. <em>verna<\/em>), prob\u00edhaj\u00ed programy pro ho\u0159e\u010dek mnohotvar\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd (<em>Gentianella praecox<\/em> subsp. <em>bohemica<\/em>), ho\u0159e\u010dek naho\u0159kl\u00fd (<em>Gentianella amarella<\/em>) a ho\u0159e\u010dek drsn\u00fd Sturm\u016fv (<em>Gentianella obtusifolia<\/em> subsp. <em>sturmiana<\/em>), hvozd\u00edk p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd (<em>Dianthus arenarius<\/em> subsp. <em>bohemicus<\/em>), koniklec otev\u0159en\u00fd (<em>Pulsatilla patens<\/em>), matiznu bahenn\u00ed (<em>Angelica palustris<\/em>), rdest dlouholist\u00fd (<em>Potamogeton praelongus<\/em>), zvonovec liliolist\u00fd (<em>Adenophora liliifolia<\/em>). P\u0159ipravovan\u00fd je z\u00e1chrann\u00fd program pro sn\u011bdek pyrenejsk\u00fd kulatoplod\u00fd (<em>Ornithogalum pyrenaicum<\/em> subsp. <em>sphaeocarpum<\/em>) a v&nbsp;r\u00e1mc\u00edch EHP fond\u016f byly zpracov\u00e1ny odborn\u00e9 podklady pro pob\u0159e\u017enici jednokv\u011btou (<em>Littorella uniflora<\/em>), prasetn\u00edk lys\u00fd (<em>Hypochaeris glabra<\/em>) a rozchodn\u00edk hu\u0148at\u00fd (<em>Sedum villosum<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch program\u016f existuj\u00ed programy p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00e9 se zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro druhy ohro\u017een\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u011brou nebo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy, zejm\u00e9na takov\u00e9, u kter\u00fdch existuje riziko zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu jejich populac\u00ed a\/nebo kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za konfliktn\u00ed z hlediska hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f \u010dlov\u011bka a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed proto komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup (AOPK, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sestaven\u00ed p\u0159ehledu dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed k druhu v\u010detn\u011b anal\u00fdzy ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jde o prvn\u00ed krok sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k&nbsp;<em>ex situ<\/em> ochran\u011b druhu\/populace. Tento p\u0159ehled by m\u011bl b\u00fdt co nejdetailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u011bl by p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zahrnovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>informace k&nbsp;ve\u0161ker\u00fdm aspekt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou relevantn\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj a taxonomii, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, slo\u017een\u00ed populac\u00ed, genetickou variabilitu a ekologick\u00e9 funkce<\/li><li>anal\u00fdzu ohro\u017een\u00ed druhu zam\u011b\u0159enou na specifick\u00e1 historick\u00e1, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 budouc\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed druhu, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch ohro\u017een\u00ed a omezuj\u00edc\u00edch faktor\u016f \u017eivotaschopnosti a ochrany<\/li><li>pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstaven\u00ed genetick\u00fdch a popula\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f pro posouzen\u00ed \u017eivotaschopnosti v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b<\/li><li>popis v\u00fdskytu mimo oblast p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu a v\u0161ech <em>ex situ<\/em> populac\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b jejich charakteristik<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ur\u010den\u00ed role, kterou by m\u011bla ex situ ochranat hr\u00e1t v ochran\u011b druhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jde o stanoven\u00ed strategie <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany zac\u00edlen\u00e9ho na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aspekt\u016f ohro\u017een\u00ed, je\u017e by m\u011bla zahrnovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>jasn\u011b definovan\u00fd a kvantifikovateln\u00fd c\u00edl <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace ohro\u017een\u00ed a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed faktor ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/li><li>uveden\u00ed obecn\u00e9 situace, kterou <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrana \u0159e\u0161\u00ed s&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdmi detailn\u00edmi rolemi ochrany, jako jsou: zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed druhu\/populace ohro\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vyhynut\u00edm, evakuace p\u0159ed n\u00e1hl\u00fdm ohro\u017een\u00edm, dlouhodob\u00e1 ochrana populac\u00ed vyhynul\u00fdch v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, demografick\u00e1 manipulace s&nbsp;c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mortality ve vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, zdroj pro re-introdukce, zdroj pro ekologick\u00e9 nahrazen\u00ed druhu podporuj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdskyt ohro\u017een\u00e9ho druhu, zdroj pro introdukce, v\u011bda a v\u00fdzkum souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s&nbsp;ochranou, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s&nbsp;ochranou<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ur\u010den\u00ed charakteristik <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany podle ohro\u017een\u00ed druhu a role ochrany<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b c\u00edl\u016f je nutno stanovit podstatu, rozsah a d\u00e9lku <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany. Ty jsou d\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm biologick\u00fdmi faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>mno\u017estv\u00ed v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b odebran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f (s&nbsp;ohledem na populace, diverzitu stanovi\u0161\u0165, atp.)<\/li><li>mno\u017estv\u00ed jedinc\u016f s nutnou&nbsp;p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed&nbsp; v&nbsp;<em>ex situ<\/em> podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a mno\u017estv\u00ed jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed b\u00fdt produkov\u00e1ni (= nutnost rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li><li>d\u00e9lku b\u011bhu <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><li>rizikem nen\u00e1nodnosti v\u00fdb\u011bru odebran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f a zm\u011bny v&nbsp;populaci pr\u016fb\u011bhu <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><li>pl\u00e1ny na n\u00e1vrat jedinc\u016f do p\u0159\u00edrody<\/li><li>typem prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m budou jedinci <em>ex situ<\/em> dr\u017eeni<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pak ovliv\u0148uje praktick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>lokalizace (geografick\u00e1) <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00edm je m\u00edsto analogick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jako je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed populace<\/li><li>odb\u011br \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f nebo jejich \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed<\/li><li>sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f nebo jejich \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed<\/li><li>mo\u017enost odb\u011bru organism\u016f&nbsp; z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrody, co\u017e souvis\u00ed s&nbsp;ohro\u017een\u00edm populace s&nbsp;odb\u011brem jedinc\u016f<\/li><li>genetick\u00fd a demografick\u00fd management <em>ex situ<\/em> populace s&nbsp;ohledem na ohro\u017een\u00ed a role <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><li>potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed&nbsp; ohro\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti <em>ex situ<\/em> populace a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch populac\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;(re-)introdukcemi<\/li><li>um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jedinc\u016f ve ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch expozic\u00edch<\/li><li>intenzita kontaktu s&nbsp;\u010dlov\u011bkem<\/li><li>pln\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm, dr\u017een\u00edm a poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/li><li>majetkov\u00e9 vztahy<\/li><li>osud jedinc\u016f v&nbsp;<em>ex situ<\/em> podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch po ukon\u010den\u00ed <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifikace zdroj\u016f, posouzen\u00ed mo\u017enosti proveditelnosti a rizik<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou <em>ex situ<\/em> ochranu jsou adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed zdroje, ke kter\u00fdm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed, infrastruktura a prostory<\/li><li>lidsk\u00e9 zdroje nakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed s&nbsp;rostlinami a jejich \u010d\u00e1stmi (mno\u017estv\u00ed, znalosti a dovednosti pracovn\u00edk\u016f)<\/li><li>znalosti biologick\u00fdch rizik, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chorob<\/li><li>znalosti dal\u0161\u00edch ohro\u017een\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany, jako jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy a soci\u00e1ln\u011b-patogenn\u00ed jevy<\/li><li>financov\u00e1n\u00ed <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>K&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed posuzovan\u00fdm faktor\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pravd\u011bpodobnost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed (technick\u00e9, lidsk\u00e9, finan\u010dn\u00ed) podpory <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><li>realizace <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f a s&nbsp;t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed dostupnost zdroj\u016f<\/li><li>adekv\u00e1tnost znalost\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zd\u00e1rn\u00e9 spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edle <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany<\/li><li>\u00farove\u0148 shody na taxonomick\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu dan\u00e9ho druhu<\/li><li>mo\u017enost partnerstv\u00ed p\u0159i ochran\u011b<\/li><li>kompatibilita <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany s&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edmi typy ochrany druhu<\/li><li>mo\u017enost dodr\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce<\/li><li>m\u00edra podpory ochrany<\/li><li>vliv odb\u011bru jedinc\u016f na populaci v&nbsp;m\u00edst\u011b odb\u011bru<\/li><li>rizika spojen\u00e1 s&nbsp;odb\u011brem, jako je zavle\u010den\u00ed invazivn\u00edho druhu, hybridizace, apod.<\/li><li>zdravotn\u00ed rizika pro druhy a \u010dlov\u011bka<\/li><li>posouzen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159et\u016f z\u00e1jm\u016f v&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;odb\u011bry jedinc\u016f a <em>ex situ<\/em> dr\u017een\u00edm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proveden\u00ed informovan\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Posledn\u00ed krokem je proveden\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, jestli je <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrana adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem ochrany druhu. A to na z\u00e1klad\u011b porovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f jeho aplikace s&nbsp;n\u00e1klady s&nbsp;t\u00edm spojen\u00fdmi potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi riziky a konkuren\u010dn\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi dosa\u017een\u00ed stanoven\u00e9ho c\u00edle. Obvykle by rozhodnut\u00ed pro <em>ex situ<\/em> ochranu druhu\/populace m\u011blo p\u0159ich\u00e1zet v&nbsp;\u00favahu v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je jej\u00ed ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost vysok\u00e1 a takt\u00e9\u017e pravd\u011bpodobnost proveden\u00ed je vysok\u00e1. V&nbsp;ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech by <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrana zvolena b\u00fdt nem\u011bla \u2013 posouzeny a vybr\u00e1ny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt jin\u00e9 vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje ochrany druhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Realizace ex situ ochrany druhu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem implementace programu <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany druhu je pot\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat z\u00e1sady identifikovan\u00e9 p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o implementaci. Z\u00e1kladem je d\u00e1le sb\u011br, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a publikov\u00e1n\u00ed dat souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s&nbsp;<em>ex situ<\/em> ochranou. V&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rostlin v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation (BGCI, 2012), je\u017e stanovuje hlavn\u00ed smysl <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrany v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>z\u00e1chrana ohro\u017een\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/li><li>produkce \u017eiv\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro re-introdukce, pos\u00edlen\u00ed populac\u00ed, ekologickou obnovu, obnovu stanovi\u0161\u0165 a jejich management<\/li><li>produkce \u017eiv\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro v\u00fdzkum na poli biologie ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny<\/li><li>uchov\u00e1vat \u017eiv\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l v&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch<\/li><li>poskytovat \u017eiv\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l&nbsp; pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely s&nbsp;c\u00edlem zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku jejich odb\u011br\u016f z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrody<\/li><li>zp\u0159\u00edstupnit \u017eiv\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro pot\u0159eby environment\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdstav<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ex situ<\/em> ochrana s&nbsp;c\u00edlem (re-)introdukc\u00ed tak nen\u00ed zdaleka jedin\u00fdm smyslem dr\u017een\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch rostlin botanick\u00fdmi zahradami. Ty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopny plnit takt\u00e9\u017e \u00fakoly souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s&nbsp;poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eiv\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, je\u017eto br\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed populace, a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00edm \u017eiv\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro pot\u0159eby environment\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdstav. K&nbsp;tomu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rostlin, je\u017e nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b plnit podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;po\u017eadavky \u00damluvy o biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti je t\u0159eba nezapom\u00ednat na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Principles on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing for Participating Institutions a tedy mimo jin\u00e9 zajistit sd\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdhod plynouc\u00edch z pou\u017eit\u00ed genetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a jejich deriv\u00e1t\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b nepen\u011b\u017en\u00edch, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b komercializace tak\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch v\u00fdhod (BGCI, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed <em>ex situ<\/em> rostlin pro pot\u0159eby uchov\u00e1n\u00ed genofondu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy n\u00e1stroj\u016f ochrany populac\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f aplikovateln\u00e9 v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch (Maunder&nbsp; et&nbsp; al., 2004): p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f \u017eiv\u00fdch rostlin, uchov\u00e1n\u00ed banky semen, hlubok\u00fdm mrazen\u00edm tk\u00e1n\u00ed a embry\u00ed. Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b se budeme v\u011bnovat t\u00e9matice p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch rostlin \u2013 jejich udr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b v&nbsp;<em>ex situ<\/em> podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a mno\u017een\u00ed. S&nbsp;p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm a mno\u017een\u00edm rostlin v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch je spojena problematika uchov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00e9 a fenotypov\u00e9 diverzity p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch populac\u00ed (by\u0165, jak u\u017e v\u00edme, nejen ona).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odb\u011br <em>ex situ<\/em> je de-facto rozd\u011blen\u00edm populace a podm\u00ednky p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou z&nbsp;principu odli\u0161n\u00e9 od p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch. To ve v\u00fdsledku znamen\u00e1 rozd\u011blen\u00ed tokogenetick\u00fdch vazeb p\u016fvodn\u00ed populace a odd\u011blen\u00ed specia\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f, kter\u00fdmi jsou mutace, genetick\u00fd drift, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br a tok gen\u016f (Lomolino et al., 2010). Variabilita \u010d\u00e1sti odebran\u00e9 populace pro <em>ex situ<\/em> p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed je pouze zlomkem genetick\u00e9 variability p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed populace, tedy do z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch populac\u00ed lze um\u00edstit jen omezenou \u010d\u00e1st mutac\u00ed. Odb\u011br jedinc\u016f je tak\u00e9 s&nbsp;ohledem na genetick\u00fd drift efektem zakladatele, kdy populace <em>ex situ<\/em> je populac\u00ed vze\u0161lou z&nbsp;vybran\u00fdch odebran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f nesouc\u00edch pouze \u010d\u00e1st p\u016fvodn\u00ed genetick\u00e9 variability populace, a\u0165 u\u017e \u0161lo o odb\u011br semen nebo jedinc\u016f rostlin (Espeland et al., 2017). Jak\u00e9koli zahradnick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti s&nbsp;jedinci druhu v&nbsp;zahrad\u011b pak p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br, kter\u00fd je v&nbsp;kultu\u0159e a p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd. Mimo jin\u00e9 to souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s&nbsp;ekologickou valenc\u00ed druhu, kter\u00e1 je obvykle \u0161irok\u00e1 a v&nbsp;zahrad\u011b jde o p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed se jin\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, ne\u017e si vynucuje konkurence v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Tok gen\u016f je pak v&nbsp;podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zahrady obvykle omezen nebo nep\u0159irozen\u011b modifikov\u00e1n. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch tak vede ke geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m fenotyp\u016f, kter\u00e9 neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed&nbsp; zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed stav v&nbsp;populaci (Ensslin &amp; Godefroid, 2019). Rostliny se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, v&nbsp;nich\u017e jsou v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch p\u011bstov\u00e1ny (Ensslin et al., 2015), co\u017e souvis\u00ed s&nbsp;inbeedingem (Angeloni et al., 2011), nicm\u00e9n\u011b toto \u201ep\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed\u201c je d\u00e1no n\u00e1hodou genetick\u00e9ho driftu (Ensslin et al., 2015), kter\u00fd se v\u00fdrazn\u011bji projevuje u mal\u00fdch populac\u00ed p\u011bstovan\u00fdch v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch, ne\u017e u komer\u010dn\u00edch velkop\u011bst\u00edren p\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f (Nagel et al., 2019). Tyto skute\u010dnosti se staly v&nbsp;posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm zdroj\u016f pro obnovy ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, p\u0159edm\u011btem intenzivn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu (Schroeder &amp; Prasse, 2013). Uk\u00e1zalo se toti\u017e, \u017ee zm\u011bny, ke kter\u00fdm v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch doch\u00e1z\u00ed, jsou velmi rychl\u00e9 \u2013 a to i na \u00farovni jednotek generac\u00ed (Ensslin et al., 2018; Schroeder &amp; Prasse, 2013), nicm\u00e9n\u011b tyto zm\u011bny jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b druhov\u011b specifick\u00e9 (Bucharova et al., 2017; Nagel et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkum je v\u011bnov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm problematice pohlavn\u00edho rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. K&nbsp;hlavn\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>jedinci ur\u010dit\u00fdch druh\u016f v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch m\u00e9n\u011b a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pozd\u011bji kvetou (Ensslin et al., 2020)<\/li><li>semena z&nbsp;rostlin poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed okam\u017eitou kl\u00ed\u010divost ne\u017e semena z&nbsp;divoce rostouc\u00edch rostlin, co\u017e plat\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro kr\u00e1tkov\u011bk\u00e9 druhy (Ensslin et al., 2018)<\/li><li>index dormance semen z&nbsp;botanick\u00e9 zahrady je tedy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u semen poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrody (Rauschkolb et al., 2019), a tento rozd\u00edl roste s&nbsp;dobou kultivace rostlin v&nbsp;botanick\u00e9 zahrad\u011b, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee semena rostlin z&nbsp;botanick\u00e9 zahrady ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed na dormanci, a toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plat\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro kr\u00e1tkov\u011bk\u00e9 druhy (Ensslin et al., 2018)<\/li><li>rozd\u00edl v rychlosti kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed mezi semeny z&nbsp;botanick\u00e9 zahrady a p\u0159\u00edrody zji\u0161t\u011bn v\u011bt\u0161inou nebyl (Ensslin et al., 2018), pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy v\u0161ak ano (Rauschkolb et al., 2019)<\/li><li>doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vikariantn\u00edch druh\u016f \u2013 v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch doch\u00e1z\u00ed z&nbsp;d\u016fvodu bl\u00edzkosti podobn\u00fdch druh\u016f k jejich mezidruhov\u00e9 hybridizaci \u2013 v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b d\u00edky existenci geografick\u00fdch bari\u00e9r jinak nemo\u017en\u00fdm (Zhank et al., 2010), nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpadech podobn\u00fdch a sou\u010dasn\u011b variabiln\u00edch druh\u016f, u nich\u017e hybridn\u00ed jedinci nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt snadno identifikovateln\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b morfologick\u00fdch znak\u016f (B\u00e9trisey et al., 2020)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na takt\u00e9\u017e zm\u011bn\u00e1m v&nbsp;r\u016fstu rostlin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>rostliny z&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad obecn\u011b dosahuj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot fitness ne\u017e jejich prot\u011bj\u0161ky z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrody (Ensslin et al., 2015)<\/li><li>dr\u017een\u00ed rostlin v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje jejich fenologii (Ensslin et al., 2020)<\/li><li>p\u011bstebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdmi jsou obvykle otev\u0159en\u00e9 plochy s&nbsp;dostatkem sv\u011btla, \u017eivin a z\u00e1livky, jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9 od stanovi\u0161\u0165 p\u016fvodn\u00edch a takt\u00e9\u017e od stanovi\u0161\u0165 (re-)introduk\u010dn\u00edch, je\u017eto jsou pro vysazen\u00e9 rostliny stresuj\u00edc\u00ed (Espeland et al., 2017)<\/li><li>nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokusy neprokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee by odpov\u011b\u010f na stres byla obecn\u011b platn\u00e1 pro <em>ex situ<\/em> p\u011bstovan\u00e9 rostliny (Ensslin et al., 2020)<\/li><li>p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kompetitivita ex situ p\u011bstovan\u00fdch rostlin nebyla experiment\u00e1ln\u011b&nbsp; prok\u00e1z\u00e1na, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed mezi zahradami (= r\u016fzn\u00fdmi populacemi poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f), co\u017e lze d\u00e1vat do souvislosti s vlivem genetick\u00e9ho driftu (Ensslin et al., 2015)<\/li><li>p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm v&nbsp;zahrad\u00e1ch ztr\u00e1c\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny na variabilit\u011b sv\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a t\u00edm evolu\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l (Ensslin et al., 2020)<\/li><li>rostliny z&nbsp;kultury jsou kompeti\u010dn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;pro n\u011b \u201ep\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch\u201c podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, pod obvykl\u00fdm stresem (konkurence, \u017eiviny, sv\u011btlo, voda) nikoliv (Schroeder &amp; Prasse, 2013)<\/li><li>k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci vznikl\u00ed z&nbsp;rostlin s <em>ex situ<\/em> p\u016fvodem a rostlin na lokalit\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt kompeti\u010dn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed zde se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed rostliny (Schroeder &amp; Prasse, 2013)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z&nbsp;v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho plynou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed pro pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;\u017eiv\u00fdmi rostlinami v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>zajistit <em>ex situ<\/em> ochranu dokud je\u0161t\u011b existuje v\u00edce&nbsp;populac\u00ed a genetick\u00e1 variability v&nbsp;populac\u00edch, tedy s&nbsp;ochranou ne\u010dekat a\u017e bude zb\u00fdvat posledn\u00ed populace s&nbsp;n\u011bkolika posledn\u00edmi jedinci (IUCN &amp; SSC, 2014)<\/li><li>z\u00edskat pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b takov\u00fd po\u010det jedinc\u016f z&nbsp;populace, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed zajistit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed genotypovou a fenotypovou diverzitu populace (= odb\u011bry prov\u00e9st ve v\u00edce vegeta\u010dn\u00edch sez\u00f3n\u00e1ch a ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu mikropopulac\u00ed, po\u010dtem odebran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu mo\u017en\u00e9mu po\u010dtu odebran\u00fdch jedinc\u016f), t\u00e9to variabilit\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pl\u00e1n rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a dokumentovat \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost (re-)introdukce s&nbsp;ohledem na p\u016fvod jedince a zp\u016fsob jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (Espeland et al., 2017)<\/li><li>efektivn\u00ed velikost populace se pohybuje od 50 do 2500 jedinc\u016f a pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed genetick\u00e9 diverzity je doporu\u010dov\u00e1no p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed 500-5000 jedinc\u016f (Ensslin et al., 2015)<\/li><li>zabr\u00e1nit m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed populac\u00ed a t\u00edm toku gen\u016f mezi populacemi jednoho druhu v&nbsp;zahrad\u011b (Breed et al., 2013) a s&nbsp;okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm (Prasse et al., 2010)<\/li><li>doporu\u010duje se ru\u010dn\u00ed opylov\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;proporci\u00e1ln\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm otc\u016f a matek v potomstvu dal\u0161\u00ed generace (Ensslin et al., 2015)<\/li><li>p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;p\u016fvodn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch populac\u00ed \u2013 klima, p\u016fdy (Espeland et al., 2017)<\/li><li>p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;polykultur\u00e1ch (Espeland et al., 2017)<\/li><li>striktn\u011b zabr\u00e1nit jak\u00fdmkoliv form\u00e1m selekce v&nbsp;procesu p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (Dyer et al., 2016)<\/li><li>pokud je udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed populace v&nbsp;kultu\u0159e prim\u00e1rn\u011b c\u00edleno na jej\u00ed (re-)introdukci, tak po\u010det generac\u00ed v&nbsp;zahrad\u011b by m\u011bl b\u00fdt minimalizov\u00e1n (Ensslin &amp; Godefroid, 2019) a v\u017edy by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u011bt generac\u00ed (Nagel et al., 2019)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z&nbsp;v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho plyne, \u017ee je nesm\u00edrn\u011b problematick\u00e1 <em>ex situ<\/em> ochrana druh\u016f s&nbsp;extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm po\u010dtem populac\u00ed a\/nebo populac\u00ed s&nbsp;velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdm po\u010dtem jedinc\u016f. Principem n\u00e1stroj\u016f druhov\u00e9 ochrany by m\u011blo b\u00fdt touto stavu zabr\u00e1nit. Bohu\u017eel, velmi velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rostlin je ve stavu kritick\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed (Grulich &amp; Chobot, 2017) s&nbsp;n\u011bkolika posledn\u00edmi mal\u00fdmi populacemi. Pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bmto druh\u016fm je v\u0161ak v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch v\u011bnov\u00e1na velk\u00e1 p\u011bstitelsk\u00e1 pozornost dan\u00e1 po\u017eadavky na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00edm rostlin pro pot\u0159eby vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch rostlin lze doporu\u010dit z&nbsp;v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch z\u00e1sad dodr\u017eovat maximum, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9, co\u017e je p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dlouhov\u011bk\u00fdch rostlin (Makrem et al., 2006). Pro <em>ex situ<\/em> ochranu genetick\u00e9 a fenologick\u00e9 variability za situac\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho po\u010dtu populac\u00ed a jedinc\u016f se jako nutn\u00e9 (vedle vystaven\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch rostouc\u00edch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f) jev\u00ed metody <em>in vitro<\/em> ochrany (Gonz\u00e1lez-Benito &amp; Mart\u00ed, 2011) a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kryobiotechnologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se ukazuj\u00ed jako bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed pro uskladn\u011bn\u00ed kr\u00e1tkov\u011bk\u00fdch rostlin sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch vysu\u0161en\u00ed semen, zygot, embry\u00ed, dormantn\u00edch pupen\u016f, sp\u00f3r, pylu, vzr\u016fstov\u00fdch vrchol\u016f, gametofyt\u016f, \u0159as a to na dobu dvou a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed (Pence et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Informace o n\u00e1roc\u00edch ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f pro pot\u0159eby p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e v&nbsp;t\u00e9to kapitole uveden\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin v&nbsp;podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch botanick\u00fdch zahrad byla p\u0159ipravena datab\u00e1ze informac\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o <em>ex situ<\/em> ochran\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. V&nbsp;navrhovan\u00e9 podob\u011b zahrnuje 60 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch polo\u017eek rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do p\u011bti samostatn\u00fdch sekc\u00ed: Z\u00e1klady biologie a ekologie pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed; P\u00e9\u010de o rostliny, Generativn\u00ed mno\u017een\u00ed; Vegetativn\u00ed mno\u017een\u00ed; Ostatn\u00ed. Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e v&nbsp;kapitole uveden\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed bylo p\u0159i jej\u00edm sestaven\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeno ke Koncepci z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch program\u016f a program\u016f p\u00e9\u010de zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a rostlin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (AOPK, 2014), doporu\u010den\u00edm pro sb\u011br semen plan\u011b rostouc\u00edch rostlin (Prasse et al., 2010) a strukturaci informac\u00ed pro <em>ex situ<\/em> kultury v&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch za\u0161t\u00edt\u011bn\u00fdch Spolkem botanick\u00fdch zahrad N\u011bmecka (VBG, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1klady biologie a ekologie pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Polo\u017eka<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxon<\/td><td>nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u016fjde o druh, pop\u0159. poddruh, lze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt i o variety\/kultivary\/odr\u016fdy, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1vod pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed taxon, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad rod; uv\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159esn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v\u011bdecky podle Kl\u00ed\u010de (Kaplan 2019)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ohro\u017een\u00ed &#8211; n\u00e1rodn\u00ed<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed podle \u010cerven\u00e9ho seznamu \u010cR &#8211; n\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikace podle Grulich et Chobot (2017)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ohro\u017een\u00ed &#8211; IUCN<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed podle \u010cerven\u00e9ho seznamu \u010cR &#8211; IUCN podle Grulich et Chobot (2017)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ochrana<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br kategorie podle Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky 395\/1992 Sb.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u017divotn\u00ed forma<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed podle Kl\u00ed\u010de (Kaplan, 2019)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u016fstov\u00e1 forma<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed podle Pladias.org<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Velikost<\/td><td>vypsat z kategori\u00ed podle Kl\u00ed\u010de (Kaplan, 2019)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Parazitismus<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed&nbsp; podle Pladias.org<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mykoheterotrofie<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed&nbsp; podle Pladias.org<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Semenn\u00e1 banka<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed podle LEDA Traitbase, data file &#8222;Seed bank&#8220; &#8211; https:\/\/uol.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/biologie\/ag\/landeco\/download\/LEDA\/Data_files\/seed_bank.txt, sloupec &#8222;E &#8211; seed banktype&#8220;, vybrat nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnotu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Celkov\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/td><td>na\u0161e druhy podle \u00fadaj\u016f v Kv\u011bten\u011b \u010cR a n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de (Jager, 2017), ostatn\u00ed podle jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b<\/td><td>stru\u010dn\u00fd a v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd popis ekologie m\u00edst v\u00fdskytu = biotopu v\u00fdskytu druhu, \u00fadaje z literatury dopln\u011bn\u00e9 podle vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z ter\u00e9nu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ekologick\u00e9 indika\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty<\/td><td>jen odkaz na Pladias.org, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b a sociologie<\/td><td>jen odkaz na Pladias.org, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a hojnost<\/td><td>jen odkaz na Pladias.org, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lokality v\u00fdskytu<\/td><td>slovn\u00ed popis &#8222;aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch&#8220; lokalit a hojnosti v\u00fdskytu v \u010cR podle zku\u0161enosti koordin\u00e1tora a minim\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00fdmi jsou Pladias.org a s\u00e9rie Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic publikovan\u00fdch v Preslii; d\u00e1le zde uv\u00e9st informace ke zn\u00e1m\u00fdm um\u011bl\u00fdm v\u00fdsadb\u00e1m a v\u00fdskyty nejasn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karyologie<\/td><td>jen odkaz na Pladias.org, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxon na BOTANY.CZ<\/td><td>odkaz na BOTANY.CZ, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Podobn\u00e9 rostliny<\/td><td>text popisu rozli\u0161ovac\u00edch znak\u016f oproti podobn\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m &#8211; podle zku\u0161enosti s mo\u017en\u00fdmi z\u00e1m\u011bnami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Variabilita<\/td><td>popis z\u00e1kladn\u00ed variability z literatury a na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z ter\u00e9nu a\/nebo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de o rostliny<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Polo\u017eka<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Celkov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost<\/td><td>jde o stru\u010dn\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed taxonu na \u0161k\u00e1le &#8222;nemo\u017en\u00e9-snadn\u00e9,&#8220; s upozorn\u011bn\u00edm na kritick\u00e9 aspekty p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b v zahrad\u011b<\/td><td>popis charakteru m\u00edsta, kde taxon prosperuje v zahradn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. v\u00fdslunn\u00e1 v\u00e1pencov\u00e1 skalka nebo kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d za sklen\u00edkem, atp.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Substr\u00e1t<\/td><td>popis substr\u00e1tu, se kter\u00fdm jsou dobr\u00e9 nebo \u0161patn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sv\u011btlo<\/td><td>popis n\u00e1rok\u016f na sv\u011btlo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Teplo<\/td><td>popis n\u00e1rok\u016f na sv\u011btlo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Z\u00e1livka<\/td><td>popis n\u00e1rok\u016f na zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; term\u00edny, intenzita, zp\u016fsob<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>term\u00edny a podm\u00ednky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hnojen\u00ed<\/td><td>popis speci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f rostlin na hnojen\u00ed po vysazen\u00ed\/p\u0159esazen\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zimov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>popis zimov\u00e1n\u00ed, je-li nutn\u00e9 (i ve st\u0159edn\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch je dobr\u00e9, alespo\u0148 jako z\u00e1lohu \u010d\u00e1st rostlin teplomiln\u00fdch druh\u016f pro jistotu z\u00e1lohovat v chladn\u00fdch sklen\u00edc\u00edch)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Letn\u011bn\u00ed<\/td><td>popis, je-li nutn\u00e9 (u na\u0161ich rostlin zde samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bude &#8222;neletn\u00ed se&#8220;)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Generativn\u00ed mno\u017een\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Polo\u017eka<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kveten\u00ed \/ tvorba sp\u00f3r<\/td><td>term\u00edn, d\u00e9lka kveten\u00ed, podle Kv\u011bteny \u010cR a vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, jak je tomu v zahradn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Um\u011bl\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed kveten\u00ed<\/td><td>popis mo\u017enost\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed kveten\u00ed &#8211; bude obvykle jen pro okrasn\u00e9 rostliny, ale u mnoha na\u0161ich i chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch lze ovlivnit dobu kveten\u00ed term\u00ednem v\u00fdsevu apod.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zp\u016fsob generativn\u00edho rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed&nbsp; podle Pladias.org<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Opylov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>zp\u016fsob opylov\u00e1n\u00ed podle Kv\u011bteny \u010cR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typ plodu<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z kategori\u00ed&nbsp; podle Pladias.org<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Charakter semene<\/td><td>popis velikosti a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch znak\u016f minim\u00e1ln\u011b podle dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f v Kv\u011bten\u011b \u010cR, LEDA Traitdatabase (Seed shape) a Kew Seed Information Database (https:\/\/data.kew.org\/sid\/ , Morphology)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mno\u017estv\u00ed semen v plodu \/ na rostlin\u011b<\/td><td>n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou v LEDA (Seed number, Seed number per shoot), jinak podle zku\u0161enost\u00ed &#8211; toto souvis\u00ed s kvantitativn\u00edm ukazatelem mo\u017enost\u00ed zisku semen z rostliny, co\u017e je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro jednolet\u00e9 a kr\u00e1tkov\u011bk\u00e9 rostliny<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Po\u010det semen v 1 g \/ 1 kg<\/td><td>po\u010det semen podle Kew Seed Information Database a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sb\u011br plod\u016f \/ semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td><td>term\u00edn a zp\u016fsob, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podle vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uchov\u00e1n\u00ed semen plod\u016f \/ semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td><td>uv\u00e9st zp\u016fsob uchov\u00e1n\u00ed s \u00fadajem a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010divosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b literatury (v\u011bdeck\u00e1 literatura + Kew Seed Information Database), zku\u0161enost\u00ed a experiment\u016f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Skarifikace a stratifikace<\/td><td>term\u00edn a popis zp\u016fsobu (pokud jsou nutn\u00e9)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava semen p\u0159ed v\u00fdsevem<\/td><td>uv\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed informace, pokud taxon vy\u017eaduje p\u0159ed v\u00fdsevem dal\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u010cas v\u00fdsevu semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td><td>term\u00edn v\u00fdsevu s pozn\u00e1mkou jak\u00fd vliv na r\u016fst term\u00edn m\u00e1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u00fdsevn\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/td><td>popis substr\u00e1tu, teploty a vlhkosti; d\u00e1le v\u00fdsevn\u00ed n\u00e1doby, nutnost f\u00f3liovn\u00edk\u016f, sklen\u00edk\u016f, st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Semen\u00e1\u010dky \/ gametofyty<\/td><td>doba vzch\u00e1zen\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u0159epichov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>popis s uveden\u00edm term\u00ednu, zp\u016fsobu, lokalizace (nap\u0159. f\u00f3liovn\u00edk, st\u00ednovi\u0161t\u011b, . . . ), substr\u00e1tu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Otu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin z v\u00fdsevn\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/td><td>pokud jsou semen\u00e1\u010dky p\u011bstov\u00e1ny v jin\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, ne\u017e vlastn\u00ed rostliny, pak uv\u00e9st podm\u00ednky otu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vegetativn\u00ed mno\u017een\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Polo\u017eka<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Podzemn\u00ed org\u00e1ny a klonalita<\/td><td>jen odkaz na Pladias.org, lze p\u0159ipravit automaticky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adventivn\u00ed pupeny (na pr\u00fdtu, pacibulky, turiony)<\/td><td>m\u011blo by j\u00edt o p\u0159ehled potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed regenerac\u00ed rostlin, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vegetativn\u00ed mno\u017een\u00ed, nap\u0159. n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny tvo\u0159\u00ed turiony, mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch rostlin vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech pacibulky, n\u011bkter\u00e9 orchideje po odkv\u011btu odum\u00edraj\u00ed v hlavn\u00edm oddenku a r\u016fst se obnovuje z jednotliv\u00fdch konc\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edho oddenku, atd.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Odno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>term\u00edn, zp\u016fsob odb\u011bru, zp\u016fsoby o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, podm\u00ednky uchov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdsadby odno\u017e\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sb\u011br a d\u011blen\u00ed oddenk\u016f, hl\u00edz, cibul\u00ed, ko\u0159en\u016f, pop\u0159. d\u011blen\u00ed cel\u00fdch rostlin<\/td><td>term\u00edn, zp\u016fsob odb\u011bru, zp\u016fsoby o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, podm\u00ednky uchov\u00e1n\u00ed a op\u011btovn\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td><td>term\u00edn, charakter vyzr\u00e1losti pr\u00fdtu, zp\u016fsob<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stonkov\u00e9 \/ listov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzky<\/td><td>term\u00edn a zp\u016fsob odb\u011bru, o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, uchov\u00e1n\u00ed a podm\u00ednky v\u00fdsadby<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roubov\u00e1n\u00ed \/ o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><td>je-li mo\u017eno, pak uv\u00e9st term\u00edny a zp\u016fsob odb\u011br\u016f roub\u016f \/ o\u010dek a term\u00edny a zp\u016fsob roubov\u00e1n\u00ed \/ o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury<\/td><td>jak\u00e9koliv zku\u0161enosti s aspekty \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho mno\u017een\u00ed v tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ostatn\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Polo\u017eky<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Choroby<\/td><td>popis projev\u016f choroby, l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed a prevence &#8211; soust\u0159edit se na specifick\u00e9 a obvykl\u00e9 pro druh, lze uv\u00e9st i obecn\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160k\u016fdci<\/td><td>popis \u0161k\u016fdce, projev\u016f jeho \u010dinnosti, n\u00e1prav a prevence &#8211; soust\u0159edit se na specifick\u00e9 a obvykl\u00e9 pro druh, lze uv\u00e9st i obecn\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Koordin\u00e1tor<\/td><td>vybrat jm\u00e9no koordin\u00e1tora podle seznamu UBZ<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje<\/td><td>vkl\u00e1dat pou\u017eitou literaturu a prameny podle zvolen\u00e9 cita\u010dn\u00ed formy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Abstrakt<\/td><td>v\u00fdb\u011br z ekologie, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a hlavn\u00edch z\u00e1sad p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edmi informacemi je \u00fapln\u00fd p\u0159ehled kultur dr\u017een\u00fdch <em>ex situ<\/em> ve v\u0161ech botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch. Ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 kultu\u0159e (= odb\u011bru z&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrody) se uv\u00e1d\u00ed data o p\u016fvodu rostliny (= lokalizace odb\u011bru v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b), pr\u00e1vn\u00ed omezen\u00ed o manipulaci v\u010detn\u011b povolen\u00ed k&nbsp;odb\u011bru a dal\u0161\u00edch povolen\u00ed (byla-li nutn\u00e1), IPEN identifikace (\u010d\u00edslo), prezence ve v\u0161ech&nbsp;botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch pomoc\u00ed BGCI akronymu (do z\u00e1vorky uv\u00e9st p\u016fvodn\u00ed botanickou zahradu, kter\u00e1 odb\u011br provedla) a p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech povolen\u00fdch v\u00fdsadeb do p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Angeloni F., Ouborg N.J., &amp; Leimu R. (2011). Meta\u2010analysis on the association of population size and life history with inbreeding depression in plants. <em>Biological Conservation<\/em>, 144: 35\u201343.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AOPK (2014). Koncepce z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch program\u016f a program\u016f p\u00e9\u010de zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a rostlin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zachranneprogramy.cz\/res\/archive\/010\/003397.pdf?seek=1476100921\">https:\/\/www.zachranneprogramy.cz\/res\/archive\/010\/003397.pdf?seek=1476100921<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e9trisey S., Arrigo N., Graf L., Bilat J., Gerber E., &amp; Kozlowski G. (2020). Glacial relicts in the Alps: the decline and conservation strategy for Nuphar pumila (Nymphaeaceae). <em>Alpine Botany<\/em>, 130(1): 89-99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BGCI (2012). <em>International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation<\/em>.2nd edition. Surrey: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.bgci.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/International%20Agenda%20for%20Botanic%20Gardens.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BGCI (2020). Principles on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgci.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Principles.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bgci.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Principles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOTANY.CZ<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Breed M.F., Stead M.G., Ottewell K.M., Gardner M.G., &amp; Lowe, A.J. (2013). Which provenance and where? Seed sourcing strategies for revegetation in a changing environment. <em>Conservation Genetics<\/em>, 14: 1\u201310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bucharova A., Durka W., H\u00f6lzel N., Kollmann J., Michalski S., &amp; Bossdorf O. (2017). Are local plants the best for ecosystem restorations? It depends how you analyze the data. <em>Ecology and Evolution<\/em>, 7, 10683\u201310689.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dyer A.R., Knapp E.E., &amp; Rice, K.J. (2016). Unintentional selection and genetic changes in native perennial grass populations during commercial seed production. <em>Ecological Restoration<\/em>, 34: 39\u201348.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensslin A. &amp; Godefroid S. (2019). How cultivating wild plants in botanic gardens can change their genetic and phenotypic status and what it means for their conservation value. <em>Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture<\/em>, 17: 51-69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensslin A. &amp; Godefroid S. (2020). Ex situ cultivation impacts on plant traits and drought stress response in a multi-species experiment. <em>Biological Conservation<\/em>, 248: 108630.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensslin A., Tsch\u00f6pe O., Burkart M., &amp; Joshi J. (2015). Fitness decline and adaptation to novel environments in ex situ plant collections: Current knowledge and future perspectives. <em>Biological Conservation<\/em>, 192: 394-401.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Espeland E.K., Emery N.C., Mercer K.L., Woolbright S.A., Kettenring K.M., Gepts P., &amp; Etterson J.R. (2017). Evolution of plant materials for ecological restoration: Insights from the applied and basic literature. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology<\/em>, 54: 107-115.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gonz\u00e1lez-Benito M.E. &amp; Mart\u00edn C. (2011). In vitro preservation of Spanish biodiversity. <em>In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology &#8211; Plant<\/em>, 47(1): 46-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grulich V. &amp; Chobot K. (eds) (2017). \u010cerven\u00fd seznam ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f \u010desk\u00e9 republiky. C\u00e9vnat\u00e9 rostliny. <em>P\u0159\u00edroda<\/em> 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hang J.J., Ye Q.G., Yao X.H., &amp; Huang H.W. (2010). Spontaneous interspecific hybridization and patterns of pollen dispersal in ex situ populations of a tree species (Sinojackia xylocarpa) that is extinct in the wild. <em>Conservation Biology<\/em>, 24(1): 246-255.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IUCN &amp; SSC (2013). Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/portals.iucn.org\/library\/sites\/library\/files\/documents\/2013-009.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IUCN &amp; SSC (2014). Guidelines on the use of ex situ management for species conservation. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"https:\/\/portals.iucn.org\/library\/sites\/library\/files\/documents\/2014-064.pdf\">https:\/\/portals.iucn.org\/library\/sites\/library\/files\/documents\/2014-064.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e4ger E.J. (ed.) (2017). <em>Rothmaler &#8211; Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gef\u00e4\u00dfpflanzen: Grundband<\/em>. 21. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Heidelberg: Springer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaplan Z. (ed.) (2019). <em>Kl\u00ed\u010d ke kv\u011bten\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/em>. 2. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Praha: Academia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kew Seed Information Database. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/data.kew.org\/sid\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krishnan S. &amp; Novy A. (2016). The role of botanic gardens in the twenty-first century. <em>CAB Reviews<\/em>. 11: 1-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LEDA Traitbase. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"https:\/\/uol.de\/en\/landeco\/research\/leda\">https:\/\/uol.de\/en\/landeco\/research\/leda<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lomolino M.V., Riddle B.R., Whittaker R.J., &amp; Brown J.H. (2010). <em>Biogeography<\/em>. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makrem A., Najeh B.F., Laarbi K.M., &amp; Mohamed B. (2006). Genetic diversity in Tunisian Ceratonia siliqua L. (Caesalpinioideae) natural populations. <em>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution<\/em>, 53(7): 1501-1511.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maudner M., Havens K., Guerrant E.O., &amp; FALK D.A. (2004). Ex situ methods: A vital but underused set of conservation resources. In: E.O. Guerrant, K. Havens, &amp; M. Mauder (eds) <em>Ex Situ Plant Conservation: Supporting Species Survival in the Wild<\/em>. Island Press, Washington, 3\u201320.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nagel R., Durka W., Bossdorf O., &amp; Bucharova A. (2019). Rapid evolution in native plants cultivated for ecological restoration: not a general pattern. <em>Plant Biology<\/em>, 21: 551-558.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pence V.C., Ballesteros D., Walters C., Reed B.M., Philpott M., Dixon K.W., Pritchard H.W., Culley T.M., &amp; Vanhove A.-C. (2020). Cryobiotechnologies: Tools for expanding long-term ex situ conservation to all plant species. <em>Biological Conservation<\/em>, 250, art. no. 108736.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pladias.org<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prasse R., Kunzmann D., &amp; der Schr\u00f6 R. (2010). <em>Entwicklung und praktische Umsetzung aturschutzfachlicher Mindestanforderungen an einen Herkunftsnachweis f\u00fcr gebietseigenes Wildpflanzensaatgut krautiger Pflanzen Abschlussbericht<\/em>. Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Hannover. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.dbu.de\/OPAC\/ab\/DBU-Abschlussbericht-AZ-23931.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rauschkolb R., Szczeparska L., Kehl A., Bossdorf O., &amp; Scheepens J.F. (2019). Plant populations of three threatened species experience rapid evolution under ex situ cultivation. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation<\/em>, 28: 3951-3969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schroeder R. &amp; Prasse R. (2013). Do cultivated varieties of native plants have the ability to outperform their wild relatives? <em>PLoS ONE<\/em> 8(8): e71066.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VBG (2020). Verband Botanischer G\u00e4rten: Portla f\u00fcr Erhaltungskulturen Einheimischen Wildpflanzen.&nbsp; Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ex-situ-erhaltung.de\/\">http:\/\/www.ex-situ-erhaltung.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volis S. (2017). Complementarities of two existing intermediate conservation approaches. <em>Plant Diversity<\/em>, 39(6): 379-382.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka 395\/1992 Sb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon 114\/1992 Sb. ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pracovn\u00ed verze 0.210113 pro projekt TA\u010cR, (c) JN, v\u00fdstupy z informa\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1ze budou dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ny od roku 2021 Ex situ conservation&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2920,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene-cs"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Radiola.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8pa9i-L0","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1945,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=1945","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":0},"title":"Metodologie ex situ konzervace ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"31 ledna, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Centunculus minimus Pro l\u00e9ta 2019-2022 z\u00edskalo na\u0161e odd\u011blen\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd projekt programu TA\u010cR Epsilon, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je: Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1ze pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed metodik ex situ konzervace lok\u00e1ln\u00edch populac\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin, kter\u00e1 bude sest\u00e1vat ze dvou metodik obecn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu a dvou metodik konzervace rostlin konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch spole\u010denstev. T\u00fdm Mgr. Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1, Ph.D.\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eNeza?azen?\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Neza?azen?","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=38"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Cent_min.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Cent_min.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Cent_min.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Cent_min.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Cent_min.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":706,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=706","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":1},"title":"O n\u00e1s","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"24 \u010dervence, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Sb\u00edrka vodn\u00edch a mok\u0159adn\u00edch rostlin je specializovanou kolekc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 druh\u016f rostlin p\u016fvodem p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ze st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f. Sb\u00edrka vznikala postupn\u011b od roku 1976 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Dnes m\u00e1 charakter mal\u00e9 specializovan\u00e9 botanick\u00e9 zahrady a je otev\u0159ena student\u016fm i \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Sb\u00edrka je \u010dlenem Unie botanick\u00fdch zahrad \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eNeza?azen?\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Neza?azen?","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=38"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/about.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2547,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2547","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":2},"title":"Tripolium pannonicum subsp. pannonicum","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"4 \u00fanora, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1, Hortus Botanicus T\u0159ebo\u0148 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdsev semenkl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na\u017ekyexperiment s kl\u00ed\u010den\u00edm semenkl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed rostlinkymlad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed r\u016f\u017eice list\u016fkultivace p\u0159ed kveten\u00edmpopulace v kultu\u0159epopulace v kultu\u0159ecelkov\u00fd pohled na rostlinukv\u011btenstv\u00ed\u00fabor\u00fabor v pln\u00e9m kv\u011btupopulace na lokalit\u011bpopulace na p\u0159irozen\u00e9 lokalit\u011bcelkov\u00fd pohled na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed lokalitucelkov\u00fd pohled na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed lokalitu na pozdn\u00ed podzimkv\u011bt v mrazuodkvetl\u00e9 \u00fabory\u00fabor po dozr\u00e1n\u00ed na\u017eek\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201especies\u201c","block_context":{"text":"species","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=109"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a_DSC_4395_result.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":725,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=725","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":3},"title":"Publikace","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"25 \u010dervence, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"P\u0159ehled v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed vedouc\u00ed Sb\u00edrky naleznete zde. Tiskov\u00e9 a elektronick\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy Sb\u00edrky Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1, J., \u0160umberov\u00e1 K., Ku\u010derov\u00e1 A. & Kv\u011bt J. (eds.) (2025): Atlas vodn\u00edch a mok\u0159adn\u00edch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, Academia, Praha. Navr\u00e1tiov\u00e1 J. (2025). Botanick\u00e1 zahrada T\u0159ebo\u0148, Botanick\u00fd \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v. v. i. In: Chytr\u00e1 M., Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eNeza?azen?\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Neza?azen?","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=38"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/publication.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/publication.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/publication.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/publication.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":691,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=691","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":4},"title":"V\u00fdzkum","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"24 \u010dervence, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Sb\u00edrka p\u0159edstavuje cennou banku \u017eiv\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd poskytuje pro v\u011bdeckou pr\u00e1ci i aplika\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9ru. Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm instituc\u00edm- rostliny nebo jejich \u010d\u00e1sti jsou poskytov\u00e1ny k v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm- na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dod\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu je pot\u0159eba se p\u0159edem domluvit; doba, za kterou jsme rostliny schopni poskytnout, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na druhu a po\u017eadovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eNeza?azen?\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Neza?azen?","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=38"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/research.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":768,"url":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=768","url_meta":{"origin":2914,"position":5},"title":"Historie a sou\u010dasnost Sb\u00edrky","author":"Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1","date":"11 z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Ve Sb\u00edrce p\u011bstujeme p\u0159es 700 druh\u016f rostlin - v\u011bt\u0161ina poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, jen necel\u00fdch 10 % druh\u016f je z jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed sv\u011bta. Tento po\u010det druh\u016f \u010din\u00ed z na\u0161\u00ed Sb\u00edrky\u00a0 jednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v Evrop\u011b. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sb\u00edrky jsou i z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 kultivace v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eNeza?azen?\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Neza?azen?","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?cat=38"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/web4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2914"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2939,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2914\/revisions\/2939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}