{"id":2648,"date":"2020-06-16T10:15:45","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T08:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2648"},"modified":"2024-07-23T20:05:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T18:05:05","slug":"nuphar-pumila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.butbn.cas.cz\/sbirkavk\/?p=2648","title":{"rendered":"Nuphar pumila"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Verze 23.7.2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jana Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1, Hortus Botanicus T\u0159ebo\u0148 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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celkov\u00fd habitus rostliny<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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plovouc\u00ed listy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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submerzn\u00ed listy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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kvetouc\u00ed rostlina<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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kv\u011bt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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detail kv\u011btu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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plod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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zral\u00fd plod<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Biologie a ekologie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/td>C1t – kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd taxon, ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Ochrana<\/td>kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd taxon<\/td><\/tr>
\u017divotn\u00ed forma<\/td>hydrofyt<\/td><\/tr>
R\u016fstov\u00e1 forma<\/td>klon\u00e1ln\u00ed bylina nebo ke\u0159\u00edk<\/td><\/tr>
Velikost<\/td>0,4 – 1,3<\/td><\/tr>
Parazitismus<\/td>autotrofn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Mykoheterotrofie<\/td>nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma<\/td><\/tr>
Semenn\u00e1 banka<\/td>short-term persistent<\/td><\/tr>
Celkov\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>Eurosibi\u0159sk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuje v bore\u00e1ln\u00edch oblastech Evropy a temper\u00e1tn\u00edm p\u00e1su Asie. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b relikt pozdn\u00edho glaci\u00e1lu. Are\u00e1l je mezerovit\u00fd od Z a S Evropy a\u017e po Mongolsko a S Japonska (\u0160umberov\u00e1 2011). Americk\u00e9 rostliny ze SV USA a Kanady jsou n\u011bkter\u00fdmi autory pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za samostatn\u00fd druh N. kalmiana<\/em> (Michx fill.) Ait. (Tom\u0161ovic 1988).<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b<\/td>Extenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 rybn\u00edky, ra\u0161elinn\u00e9 t\u016fn\u011b, mrtv\u00e1 ramena horn\u00edch tok\u016f \u0159ek a mino na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed i v jezerech (\u0160umberov\u00e1 2011).<\/td><\/tr>
Ekologick\u00e9 indika\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty<\/td>pladias.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Stanovi\u0161t\u011b a sociologie<\/td>pladias.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a hojnost<\/td>pladias.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Hojnost<\/td>velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd v J \u010cech\u00e1ch a na JZ Morav\u011b v suprakolinn\u00edm a\u017e mont\u00e1ln\u00edm stupni<\/td><\/tr>
Karyologie<\/td>pladias.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
BOTANY.CZ<\/td>BOTANY.CZ<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Podobn\u00e9 rostliny<\/td>U n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u00e1m s intermedi\u00e1ln\u00edmi jedinci hybridogenn\u00edho p\u016fvodu. N. pumila<\/em> se b\u011b\u017en\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed s N. lutea<\/em>, jejich k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenec N.<\/em> x spenneriana m\u00e1 sice sn\u00ed\u017eenou schopnost generativn\u00edho rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed procento zakrn\u011bl\u00fdch pylov\u00fdch zrn a semen), nicm\u00e9n\u011b zp\u011btn\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je schopen za vzniku hybridn\u00edch roj\u016f p\u0159echodn\u00fdch morfologick\u00fdch i ekologick\u00fdch znak\u016f. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k eutrofizaci vod, proto \u010dasem v naru\u0161en\u00fdch biotopech p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed (Tom\u0161ovic 1997).<\/td><\/tr>
Variabilita<\/td>U \u010dist\u00e9ho druhu je mal\u00e1, n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena introgres\u00ed gen\u016f N. lutea<\/em> po hybridizaci.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e9\u010de o rostliny<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky<\/td>vodn\u00ed rostlina n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na stanovi\u0161t\u011b, problematick\u00e1 z hlediska snadn\u00e9 hybridizace s dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy a jejich k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci<\/td><\/tr>
Stanovi\u0161t\u011b v zahrad\u011b<\/td>n\u00e1dr\u017e s \u017eivinami chudou, m\u00edrn\u011b kyselou vodou a organick\u00fdm sedimentem dna<\/td><\/tr>
Substr\u00e1t<\/td>Ra\u0161elinn\u00e9 bahno, substr\u00e1t lze vytvo\u0159it sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm ra\u0161eliny s p\u00edskem. Pod\u00edl p\u00edsku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1dr\u017ee, horn\u00ed vrstvy by m\u011bly m\u00edt p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edl ra\u0161eliny. M\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159idat mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zahradn\u00edho substr\u00e1tu.<\/td><\/tr>
Sv\u011btlo<\/td>V chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech rostliny preferuj\u00ed pln\u011b oslun\u011bn\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b, v teplej\u0161\u00edch oblastech je vhodn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee m\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00ednit, ve st\u00ednu h\u016f\u0159 kvete.<\/td><\/tr>
Teplo<\/td>Rostliny jsou citliv\u00e9 na p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody, tak\u00e9 nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vyschnut\u00ed vody a substr\u00e1tu v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.<\/td><\/tr>
Z\u00e1livka<\/td>Jde o \u010dist\u011b vodn\u00ed rostliny a hladina vody nesm\u00ed (hlavn\u011b v hork\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b) klesnout pod \u00farove\u0148 substr\u00e1tu.<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>Rostliny p\u0159esazujeme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v situac\u00edch, kdy jejich listy zcela pokryj\u00ed hladinu n\u00e1dr\u017ee, nejl\u00e9pe na ja\u0159e, ale mo\u017eno celoro\u010dn\u011b.<\/td><\/tr>
Hnojen\u00ed<\/td>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed hnojen\u00ed nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba. N\u00e1dr\u017e je sama obohacov\u00e1na pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi \u017eivinami rozkladem organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Naopak rostliny nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nadbytek Ca, Mg, K, Na a SO4<\/sub>-2<\/sup> iont\u016f ve vod\u011b – v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nerostou ve v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch oblastech. Rostliny lze p\u011bstovat i v \u00fa\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch substr\u00e1tech, je ale pot\u0159eba odstra\u0148ovat konkuren\u010dn\u00ed rostliny, nebo \u0159asy, aby nezapojily hladinu d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e plovouc\u00ed listy stul\u00edku mal\u00e9ho.<\/td><\/tr>
Zimov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>Rostliny zimujeme pod vodou v nevypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch. Pokud n\u00e1dr\u017e mus\u00edme na zimu vypustit (nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e hroz\u00ed promrznut\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u017e do dna), zakryjeme po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rostliny vrstvou list\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vymrznut\u00edm a \u00fapln\u00fdm vyschnut\u00edm. Substr\u00e1t tak i v zim\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vlhk\u00fd. List\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00edme p\u0159ed namo\u010den\u00edm a udus\u00e1n\u00edm st\u0159\u00ed\u0161kou. Lze zimovat tak\u00e9 pod vodou v n\u00e1dr\u017ei v chladn\u00e9m sklen\u00edku, rostliny pak ale v\u011bt\u0161inou nekvetou.<\/td><\/tr>
Letn\u011bn\u00ed <\/td>celoro\u010dn\u011b venku<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Generativn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kveten\u00ed \/ tvorba sp\u00f3r<\/td>polovina \u010dervna a\u017e konec srpna<\/td><\/tr>
Um\u011bl\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed kveten\u00ed<\/td>nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo<\/td><\/tr>
Zp\u016fsob generativn\u00edho rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>fakultativn\u00ed alogamie<\/td><\/tr>
Opylov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>hmyz<\/td><\/tr>
Typ plodu<\/td>du\u017enat\u00fd plod – zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho typu<\/td><\/tr>
Charakter semene<\/td>ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 hn\u011bd\u00e9 leskl\u00e9, 3-3,5 mm dlouh\u00e9<\/td><\/tr>
Mno\u017estv\u00ed semen v plodu \/ na rostlin\u011b<\/td>?<\/td><\/tr>
Po\u010det semen v 1 g \/ 1 kg<\/td>?<\/td><\/tr>
Sb\u011br plod\u016f \/ semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td>Po odkv\u011btu zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vytrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed kali\u0161n\u00ed l\u00edstky a semen\u00edky zraj\u00ed v plodu plovouc\u00edm na hladin\u011b. Teprve pozd\u011bji se pono\u0159uj\u00ed pod hladinu, kde se kali\u0161n\u00ed l\u00edstky uvol\u0148uj\u00ed, plod se rozpad\u00e1, a jednotliv\u00e9 plodolisty se semeny ukryt\u00fdmi ve slizovit\u00e9 hmot\u011b vyplouvaj\u00ed k hladin\u011b. Aby semena neodplavala, je vhodn\u00e9 semen\u00edky zav\u00e1zat do nylonov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a sb\u00edrat do nich vysypan\u00e1 semena a\u017e na podzim po dozr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
Uchov\u00e1n\u00ed semen plod\u016f \/ semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td>v chladn\u00e9 vod\u011b v ledni\u010dce, p\u0159i vyschnut\u00ed semena pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rychle ztr\u00e1c\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010divost<\/td><\/tr>
Skarifikace a stratifikace<\/td>k tomu v\u00edce Peach et al. (2017)<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava semen p\u0159ed v\u00fdsevem<\/td>semena nejsp\u00ed\u0161e vy\u017eaduj\u00ed anaerobn\u00ed zakva\u0161en\u00ed, nap\u0159. na dn\u011b<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cas v\u00fdsevu semen \/ sp\u00f3r<\/td>vzhledem k obvykle velmi dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b mezi v\u00fdsevem a kl\u00ed\u010den\u00edm, asi nen\u00ed \u010das podstatn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00fdsevn\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/td>m\u011blk\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e s pr\u016fhlednou dystrofn\u00ed vodou a ra\u0161elino-p\u00eds\u010dit\u00fdm substr\u00e1tem dna<\/td><\/tr>
Semen\u00e1\u010dky \/ gametofyty<\/td>maj\u00ed pouze pono\u0159en\u00e9 listy, rostou pod hladinou v m\u011blk\u00e9 vod\u011b<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159epichov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i hust\u00e9m v\u00fdsevu<\/td><\/tr>
Otu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin z v\u00fdsevn\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/td>postupn\u00e9 umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ich rostlin do hlub\u0161\u00ed vody<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vegetativn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Podzemn\u00ed org\u00e1ny a klonalita<\/td>pladias.org<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Adventivn\u00ed pupeny (na pr\u00fdtu, pacibulky, turiony)<\/td>ano<\/td><\/tr>
Odno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>ano z oddenk\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
Sb\u011br a d\u011blen\u00ed oddenk\u016f, hl\u00edz, cibul\u00ed, ko\u0159en\u016f, pop\u0159. d\u011blen\u00ed cel\u00fdch rostlin <\/td>nejl\u00e9pe na ja\u0159e, ale mo\u017eno kdykoli d\u011blen\u00edm oddenk\u016f, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cel\u00fdch trs\u016f rostlin<\/td><\/tr>
H\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>ne<\/td><\/tr>
Stonkov\u00e9 \/ listov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzky<\/td>ne<\/td><\/tr>
Roubov\u00e1n\u00ed \/ o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>ne<\/td><\/tr>
Tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury<\/td>data nejsou dostupn\u00e1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ostatn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Choroby<\/td>v HBT nejsou zn\u00e1my<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160k\u016fdci<\/td>Listy jsou ob\u010das po\u0161kozov\u00e1ny zav\u00edje\u010dem lekn\u00ednov\u00fdm i dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy hmyzu. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vysadit do n\u00e1dr\u017ee drobn\u00e9 maso\u017erav\u00e9 rybky. Plovouc\u00ed listy n\u011bkdy napadaj\u00ed m\u0161ice – \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 p\u0159eplaven\u00ed \u010depel\u00ed list\u016f.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Populace v kultu\u0159e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
P\u016fvod<\/td>Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed omezen\u00ed<\/td>IPEN<\/td>BZ<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cR, T\u0159ebo\u0148sko, P\u00edstina: Mal\u00fd Do\u0148k\u016f<\/td>Hortus Botanicus T\u0159ebo\u0148, 1980, odb\u011br rostlin<\/td>SR\/0007\/TR\/2016_3 ze dne 17.2.2016<\/td>CZ 0 HBT 2017.03760<\/td>HBT<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cR, \u0160umava, P\u011bkn\u00e1: dystrofn\u00ed t\u016f\u0148 v niv\u011b horn\u00ed Vltavy<\/td>Hortus Botanicus T\u0159ebo\u0148, 1995, odb\u011br rostlin<\/td>SR\/0007\/TR\/2016_3 ze dne 17.2.2016<\/td>CZ 0 HBT 2017.03952<\/td>HBT, V\u00daKOZ (HBT)<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cR, \u0160umava, \u010cern\u00e1 v Po\u0161umav\u00ed: Pl\u00e1ni\u010dsk\u00fd rybn\u00edk<\/td>Andrea Ku\u010derov\u00e1, odb\u011br rostlin 2019<\/td>?<\/td>?<\/td>PRUHO, PLZEN<\/td><\/tr>
\u010cR, \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, Tel\u010d: Doup\u011b<\/td>?<\/td>?<\/td>?<\/td>PRAZ<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Literatura<\/h3>\n\n\n\n